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NEW QUESTION 165
In the present climate about half the atmospheric greenhouse effect comes from water vapor, about a quarter from clouds, and a fifth from carbon dioxide. According to Vallis. these numbers are necessarily) (i)_________because the effects of the greenhouse gases are not always (ii)_________. If the atmosphere is dry. then adding CO^ makes a big difference to the greenhouse effect, but if there is a large amount of water vapor in the atmosphere already producing a greenhouse effect, then adding CO (iii)_________.
- A. becomes more difficult
- B. disputed
- C. benign
- D. exaggerated
- E. conservative
- F. cumulative
- G. has less impact
- H. poses a threat
- I. approximate
Answer: D,F,H
NEW QUESTION 166
Economists use two competing models to describe the effects of commercial advertising-advertising as market competition and advertising as market power. The market competition model holds that the fundamental function of advertising is lo provide information about products and brands. It is argued that information in ads permits greater marketplace efficiencies, such as lower prices and reduced monopoly power. In a similar vein, much discussion regarding political advertising has rested on its informational value.
Does political advertising provide political information and help voters make informed decisions'1 Nelson argues that promoting bars of soap in commercial ads is no different than promoting political ideas ideology from political candidates in political ads. on the grounds that information is being distributed m both cases.
Others, such as Ferguson and Jamieson, disagree with Nelson's proposition. Ferguson, for example, pointed out that choosing a political candidate is more like buying an experience good (where the quality is hard to evaluate prior to purchase) rather than a search good (where the quality is easily evaluated before the purchase). According to Ferguson, claims in political ads do not have true informational value, because it is difficult for voters to draw inferences about the future deeds of a candidate from what the ads say Furthermore.
Jamieson argues that political ads reshape the public image of political candidates and change voters feelings about the candidates with subtle emotional cues but without substantive information upon which to base a reasoned judgment.
In the context of the passage as a whole, the highlighted sentence serves primarily to
- A. indicate the basis for Ferguson s characterization of the process of choosing a political candidate
- B. describe the consensus among economists about the informational value of political speech
- C. present an objection to Nelsons soap-bar analogy
- D. make a claim about the predictability of voter behavior
- E. illustrate the distinction between experience goods and search goods
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 167
Sunflower sea stars help maintain certain kelp forest ecosystems by eating quickly reproducing prey species such as urchins, thus keeping populations low. Without the sea stars, the urchin population explodes, which is bad news for kelp forests and everything in them. Gianl kelp can grow to 150 feet underwater at a speed of two feet a day. but their weaknesses are their holdfasts. which are akin to tree roots. The holdfasts are home to brittle stars, prawns, and snails, among other creatures. Urchins like to eat the kelp holdfasts. Once the holdfasts are gone, the rest of the kelp drifts oft* in the tides. In this way. urchins can destroy the forests, which, higher up. are also home (o fish, including several types of commercially important rockfish, The passage compares kelp holdfasts to tree roots in order to
- A. point out similarities between terrestrial and aquatic flora
- B. rationalize the use of the term "kelp forest"
- C. indicate the role of holdfasts in the acquisition of nutrients
- D. identify a misconception about kelp anatomy
- E. emphasize the structural function of holdfasts
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 168
SULLEN : BROOD
- A. lethargic : cavort
- B. docile : obey
- C. regal : cringe
- D. despondent : laugh
- E. poised : blunder
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 169
Birds that prey on sage grouse generally hunt by circling over sagebrush and pouncing on sage grouse that come out into the open. Where there are power lines, however, these predators often survey the ground while sitting on the power lines. Although the area they can survey is smaller, predators sitting on power lines are more likely to catch sage grouse than are predators circling in the air. because_________, The primary purpose of the passage is to
- A. show how a conventional theory was weakened by a new discovery
- B. account for the widespread influence of a scientific theory
- C. trace the origins of a scientific dispute
- D. discuss a shift in an approach to explaining a natural phenomenon
- E. explain why certain scientists rejected a particular hypothesis
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 170
PROXIMAL:
- A. mobile
- B. adjoining
- C. wavering
- D. peripheral
- E. vague
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
PROXIMAL means "situated toward the center or point of attachment"; peripheral means "located away from the center, at the fringe, or near a boundary."
NEW QUESTION 171 
- A. The quantity in Column B is greater;
- B. The quantity in Column A is greater;
- C. The quantities are equal;
- D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 172
SHORE : PRECARIOUS ::
- A. stiffen : pliable
- B. douse : damp
- C. plane : irregular
- D. boil : tepid
- E. frequent : uninviting
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
This is an "operates against" analogy. To SHORE is to prop or support (especially, a ship, wall, or building). The word PRECARIOUS means "insecure or uncertain." So you lessen precariousness (of a wall, for example) by shoring it up. Similarly, one way to lessen irregularity (unevenness) of a surface is to plane it.
NEW QUESTION 173
WALK : LEGS
- A. grind : nose
- B. dress : hem
- C. cover : book
- D. chew : mouth
- E. blink : eyes
Answer: D
Explanation:
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NEW QUESTION 174
American history scholars generally attribute formation of the League of Indian Nations to Degandawida, who convinced the warring and fiercely autonomous Iroquois nations to embrace his radical idea for a league by tying it to familiar Iroquois customs and institutions. He associated the notion of peace and partnership with the Iroquois custom by which the families of slain warriors adopted war prisoners into the tribe. He invoked unquestioned social institutions as symbols, comparing the League to the traditional Iroquois clan in which several families share a "Longhouse" and likening the Great Council, comprised of representatives from each nation, to the Longhouse's ever-burning Council Fire. And he assigned to each nation specific duties in order to assuage its fear of losing national identity. (For instance, he assigned to the Onondagas, who were centrally positioned geographically, the role of perpetual hosts.) Perhaps most persuasive, however, was how Degandawida's League replicated the power structure of the traditional Iroquois clan. Each of the five Iroquois nations was comprised of matriarchal totemic clans in which the chiefs were men, the clan heads were women, and the chief's children were considered members of his wife's clan. Degandawida determined that the heads of each nation should select their League representatives, thereby effectively precluding the possibility of League representatives passing their power on to their sons, as well as decreasing the likelihood that a pro-war representative would be appointed. Iroquois unification under the League lasted about two centuries, when disagreement as to whether to become involved in the American Revolutionary war divided the Iroquois. The revolutionaries' success and their subsequent encroachment upon Iroquois lands forced many Iroquois to resettle in Canada, while those who remained behind lost respect from other Indian nations. The introduction of distilled spirits led to widespread alcoholism and, in turn, to a rapid decline of the culture and population.
The Quakers' influence impeded, yet in another sense contributed, to this decline. By establishing schools for the Iroquois and by introducing them to modern technology for agriculture and husbandry, the Quakers instilled some hope for the future yet undermined their sense of national identity. Ironically, it was the alcoholic halfbrother of Seneca, Cornplanter, the most outspoken proponent among the Iroquois for assimilation of white customs and institutions, who revived the Iroquois culture. Around 1800, Handsome Lake, a former member of the Great Council, established a new religion among the Iroquois that tied the more useful aspects of Christianity to traditional Indian beliefs and customs. Lake's teachings quickly became firmly entrenched among the Iroquois, sparking reunification and renewed confidence while also curbing rampant alcoholism. Lake's influence is still evident today: many modern- day Iroquois belong both to his religion and to one or another Christian sect.
Among the following reasons, it is most likely that the author considers Handsome Lake's leading a revival of the Iroquois culture "ironic" (line 68) because
- A. he was a former member of the Great Council
- B. his religious beliefs conflicted with traditional Iroquois beliefs
- C. he was alcoholic
- D. he was related by blood to a chief proponent of assimilation
- E. he was not a full-blooded relative of Seneca Cornplanter
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In the final paragraph's first sentence, the author tells us that Cornplanter was an outspoken proponent of assimilation. The next sentence suggests in context that Handsome Lake was related to Cornplanter as a halfbrother. The fact that Lake was responsible for the Iroquois reasserting their national identity is ironic, then, in light of Lake's blood relationship to Cornplanter.
NEW QUESTION 175
For the five days shown, the median daily number of television viewers, in millions, was closest to which of the following?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 176
Exhibit.
- A. Quantity A is greater.
- B. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
- C. The two quantities are equal.
- D. Quantity B is greater.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 177
The first person in the group starts off by naming anything that is geographical. It could be a city, state, country, river, lake, or any proper geographical term. For example, the person might say,"Boston." The second person has ten seconds to think of how the word ends and come up with another geographical term starting with that letter. The second participant might say, "Norway," since the geographical term has to start with "N." The third person would have to choose a word beginning with " Y." If a player fails to think of a correct answer within the time limit, that player is out of the game. The last person to survive is the champion.
This game may help you with ...
- A. current events
- B. geography
- C. sports
- D. history
- E. music
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 178
How many ounces of soy sauce must be added to an 18-ounce mixture of peanut sauce and soy sauce consisting of 32% peanut sauce in order to create a mixture that is 12% peanut sauce?
- A. Option A
- B. Option C
- C. Option E
- D. Option B
- E. Option D
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Letting x equal the number of ounces of soy sauce added to the mixture, 18 +x equals the total mount of the mixture after the soy sauce is added. The amount of peanut sauce (5.76 ounces) must equal 12% of the new total amount of the mixture, which is 18 +x. You can express this as an algebraic equation and solve for x:+
30 ounces of soy sauce must be added to achieve a mixture that includes 12% peanut sauce.
NEW QUESTION 179
Recent research has questioned the long-standing view of pearly mussels as exclusively suspension feeders (animals that strain suspended particles from water) that subsist on phytoplankton (mostly algae). Early studies of mussel feeding were based on analyses of gut contents, a method that has three weaknesses. First, material in mucus-bound gut contents is difficult to identify and quantify. Second, material found in the gut may pass undigested out of the mussel, not contributing to its nutrition. Finally, examination of gut contents offers limited insight into the mechanisms and behaviors by which mussels acquire food. Modem studies suggest that pearly mussels feed on more than just algae and may use other means than suspension feeding. Pedal feeding (sweeping up edible material with a muscular structure called the foot) has been observed in juvenile pearly mussels.
Besides the phytoplankton pearly mussels capture from the water column, their guts also contain small animals, protozoans, and detritus (nonliving particulate organic material). Recent studies show that mussels can capture and assimilate bacteria as well, a potentially important source of food in many fresh waters.
Another potential source of food for mussels is dissolved organic matter. Early studies showing that pearly mussels could take up simple organic compounds were largely discounted because such labile (unstable) compounds are rarely abundant in nature. Nevertheless, recent work on other bivalves suggests that dissolved organic matter may be a significant source of nutrition.
Of this complex mix of materials that pearly mussels acquire, what is actually required and assimilated?
Stable-isotope analyses of mussels taken from nature and of captive-reared mussels are beginning to offer some insight into this question. Nichols and Garling showed that pearly mussels in a small river were omnivorous, subsisting mainly on particles less than 2S micrometers in diameter, including algae, detritus, and bacteria. Bacterially derived carbon was apparently the primary source of soft-tissue carbon. However, bacteria alone cannot support mussel growth, because they lack the necessary long-chain fatty acids and sterols and are deficient in some amino acids. Bacteria may supplement other food resources, provide growth factors, or be the primary food In habitats such as headwater streams, where phytoplankton is scarce. Juvenile mussels have been most successfully reared m the laboratory on diets containing algae high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, it appears that the pearly mussel diet in nature may consist of algae, bacteria, detritus, and small animals and that at least some algae and bacteria may be required as a source of essential biochemicals.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
- A. suggest that a particular source of nutrients is more essential to pearly mussels than was previously thought
- B. summarize the present state of knowledge about what pearly mussels eat
- C. explain why evidence used to support a long-standing view about pearly mussels is flawed
- D. question whether research findings about laboratory-reared pearly mussels can be extrapolated to pearly mussels in natural habitats
- E. contrast two mechanisms by which pearly mussels have been shown lo feed
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 180 
indicate all such statements.
- A.
- B.
- C.
Answer: A,B,C
NEW QUESTION 181
Fifteen buoys, numbered 1 to 15, are positioned equidistantly along a straight path for a sailboat race. The race begins at buoy 1, and 45 minutes into the race the fastest boat reaches buoy 10. At the same average speed, how many minutes will it take the boat to race from buoy 10 to buoy 15?
- A. 32.5
- B. 0
- C. 22.5
- D. 1
- E. 2
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In 45 minutes, the boat traveled 9 (not 10) segments (from one buoy to the next). That means it takes the boat 5 minutes to travel the length of 1 segment. At buoy 10, 5 additional segments remain ahead. Since
the boat's average speed is the same before and after buoy 10, it takes the boat minutes to travel from buoy 10 to buoy 15.
NEW QUESTION 182
Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A D 79. The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption, although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and filling in the harbor with coagulated lavA. Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction.
Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people. Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behavior of the volcano.
By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects a specimen animal, scientist have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate. In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewelry made of bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions, saving lives and preventing the destruction of cities and cultures.
The poisonous gases were not ___ in the air.
- A. able to float
- B. able to evaporate
- C. able to condense
- D. invisible
- E. visible
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 183
Two square rugs R and S, which have a combined area of 20 square feet, are placed on a rectangular floor whose area is 112 square feet, as shown above. Measured east to west, each rug is placed the same distance from the other rug as from the nearest east or west edge of the floor. If the area of rug R is four times the area of rug S, how far apart are the rugs?
- A. 3 feet, 4 inches
- B. 3 feet
- C. 2 feet
- D. 1 feet, 6 inches
- E. 2 feet, 8 inches
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Rug R must be 4' x 4', and rug S must be 2' x 2'. Also, since the floor's area is 112 and its length is 8, the floor's width = 14,which in turn equals the sum of the following five lengths (let x= the distance between the two rugs, as well as from each rug to the nearest east or west edge):
x+ 4 +x+ 2 +x= 14
3x= 8
2 feet, 8 inches
NEW QUESTION 184
The village of Vestmannaeyjar, in the far northern country of Iceland, is as bright and clean and up-to-date as any American or Canadian suburb. It is located on the island of Heimaey, just off the mainland. One January night in 1973, however, householders were shocked from their sleep. In some backyards red-hot liquid was spurting from the ground.
Flaming "skyrockets" shot up and over the houses. The island's volcano, Helgafell, silent for seven thousand years, was violently erupting! Luckily, the island's fishing fleet was in port, and within twenty-four hours almost everyone was ferried to the mainland. But then the agony of the island began in earnest. As in a nightmare, fountains of burning lava spurted three hundred feet high. Black, baseball-size cinders rained down. An evilsmelling, eye-burning, throat-searing cloud of smoke and gas erupted into the air, and a river of lava flowed down the mountain. The constant shriek of escaping steam was punctuated by ear- splitting explosions. As time went on, the once pleasant village of Vestmannaeyjar took on a weird aspect.
Its street lamps still burning against the long Arctic night, the town lay under a thick blanket of cinders. All that could be seen above the ten-foot black drifts were the tips of street signs. Some houses had collapsed under the weight of cinders; others had burst into flames as the heat ignited their oil storage tanks. Lighting the whole lurid scene, fire continued to shoot from the mouth of the looming volcano. The eruption continued for six months. Scientists and reporters arrived from around the world to observe the awesome natural event. But the town did not die that easily. In July, when the eruption ceased, the people of Heimaey Island returned to assess the chances of rebuilding their homes and lives. They found tons of ash covering the ground. The Icelanders are a tough people, however, accustomed to the strange and violent nature of their Arctic land. They dug out their homes. They even used the cinders to build new roads and airport runways. Now the new homes of Heimaey are warmed from water pipes heated by molten lava.
The color of the hot liquid was ...
- A. black
- B. gray
- C. orange
- D. red
- E. yellow
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 185
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