[Nov-2023 Newly Released] Pass CTFL_Syll2018 Exam - Real Questions and Answers
Pass CTFL_Syll2018 Review Guide, Reliable CTFL_Syll2018 Test Engine
NEW QUESTION # 12
Which statement best describes the key difference between a mindset for test activities and a mindset for development activities?
- A. A tester is concerned with verifying the product while a developer possesses professional pessimism
- B. A tester Is Interested in building solutions while a developer is concerned with verifying the product
- C. A tester possesses professional pessimism while a developer is concerned with validating the product
- D. A tester is concerned with finding defects while a developer is interested in designing solutions
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the syllabus, a mindset is a set of attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions that influence how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. A mindset for test activities and a mindset for development activities are different and complementary, as they reflect different goals and perspectives of testing and development. A tester is concerned with finding defects while a developer is interested in designing solutions. This statement best describes the key difference between a mindset for test activities and a mindset for development activities. A tester's mindset is focused on identifying and reporting problems in the software product or system, such as errors, failures, or deviations from requirements or expectations. A tester's mindset is also characterized by professional skepticism, curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking. A developer's mindset is focused on creating and implementing solutions for the software product or system, such as features, functions, or enhancements. A developer's mindset is also characterized by professional optimism, confidence, logic, and analytical thinking. The other answers are incorrect because they either confuse the roles of testers and developers or use incorrect terms.
References: [Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus], Section 1.5.1, page 19-20.
NEW QUESTION # 13
Which of the following DOES NOT describe "component testing'?
- A. Component testing tests interfaces between modules and interactions of different parts of a system.
- B. Component testing occurs with access to the code being tested and with the support of a development
environment, such as a unit test framework or debugging tool - C. In component testing stubs, drivers and simulators may be usefully utilized to facilitate tester activity
- D. Component testing verifies the functioning of. software modules, programs, objects, classes, etc.. that
are separately testable.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 14
Which of the following would NOT typically be covered in a test summary report?
- A. Whether there is any economic benefit in continuing testing beyond the planned date.
- B. Any features of the system that were not tested along with reasons.
- C. An analysis of lessons learned to determine changes for future projects.
- D. The risks associated with unresolved defects found during testing.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the syllabus, a test summary report is a document that summarizes the results and activities of a completed test level. It typically includes information such as test objectives, test items, test environment, test cases executed, defects found, incidents raised, and lessons learned. The answer C is incorrect because it would not typically be covered in a test summary report. The economic benefit of continuing testing beyond the planned date is not a relevant information for a completed test level, as it is more related to project management decisions. The other answers are correct because they are examples of information that would typically be covered in a test summary report.
References: Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus, Section 5.4.1, page 62-63.
NEW QUESTION # 15
Which of the following is a factor that could negatively influence the success of the deployment of a tool within an organization?
- A. Adapting and improving the processes to the usage of the tool
- B. Collecting usage information of the tool from the early projects.
- C. Introducing the tool to all the test teams of the organization at the same time
- D. Providing training and coaching for new users of the tool
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Introducing the tool to all the test teams of the organization at the same time is a factor that could negatively influence the success of the deployment of a tool within an organization, as it may cause resistance, confusion, or overload among the test teams. A better approach would be to introduce the tool gradually and incrementally, starting with a pilot project or a small group of users, and then expanding to other test teams based on the feedback and results. suggests this as follows:
A pilot project should be conducted before introducing a new test tool into an organization in order to learn more about how to use it effectively and efficiently in your context and how it will interact with other tools and processes. A pilot project should involve a small group of users who are willing and able to experiment with the tool and provide feedback. The pilot project should have clear objectives, scope, duration, and success criteria.
B, C, and D are factors that could positively influence the success of the deployment of a tool within an organization. Collecting usage information of the tool from the early projects (B) can help to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of the tool, identify areas for improvement, and justify the investment. Providing training and coaching for new users of the tool can help to increase their confidence and competence in using the tool, reduce errors and frustration, and enhance their productivity and satisfaction. Adapting and improving the processes to the usage of the tool (D) can help to optimize the workflow and performance of the test teams, align the tool with the organizational goals and standards, and increase the value and quality of the testing activities.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Testing should provide sufficient information to stakeholders to make informed decisions about the release of the software or system being tested. At which of the following fundamental test process activity the sufficiency of the testing and the resulting information are assessed?
- A. Requirements specification
- B. Evaluating exit criteria and reporting.
- C. Analysis and design
- D. Implementation and execution
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The fundamental test process activity where the sufficiency of testing and resulting information are assessed is Evaluating exit criteria and reporting. This activity involves checking whether the test objectives have been met and whether there are any unresolved issues or risks that could affect the release or deployment decision.
This activity also involves preparing and communicating a test summary report that summarizes the test activities and results and provides recommendations and feedback for improvement. You can find more information about Evaluating exit criteria and reporting in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level
2018 Syllabus], Chapter 3, Section 3.5.
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which of the following is a valid collection of equivalence classes for the following problem: "An Integer
numeric field shall contain values from 1 to 80 both values inclusive"
- A. Less than 1. 1 to 79, more than 80
- B. Less than 1. 1 to 80, more than 80
- C. Less than 0. 1 to 79, 80 and more than 80
- D. Less than 0. 1 to 80, more than 80
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following processes is related to ensuring the integrity of the testware?
- A. Build release
- B. Project management
- C. Configuration management
- D. Test automation
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Configuration management is related to ensuring the integrity of the testware, as it is a process that controls and documents changes to test items, test cases, test data, test scripts, test results, and test documentation throughout the testing lifecycle. The other options are not related to ensuring the integrity of the testware, but to other aspects of testing such as test execution, test environment setup, and test planning.
References: Section 4.1, Section 4.2
NEW QUESTION # 19
Which of the following statements is true?
- A. Regression testing is intended to find side-effects after changes have been applied to the system under test.
- B. Regression testing is a technique for system testing and acceptance testing only.
- C. Regression testing can be used in any level of testing, but must be done after white-box testing has been finished.
- D. Regression testing is an alternative term for re-testing
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 20
For the code fragment given below, which answer correctly represents minimum tests required for statement and branch coverage respectively?
- A. Statement Coverage = 2 Branch Coverage = 4
- B. Statement Coverage = 1 Branch Coverage = 2
- C. Statement Coverage = 2 Branch Coverage = 2
- D. Statement Coverage = 1 Branch Coverage = 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
For the code fragment given below, one test case is required for statement coverage and two test cases are required for branch coverage. Statement coverage requires that every executable statement in the code is executed at least once. Branch coverage requires that every possible outcome of each decision point in the code is executed at least once. The following table shows how to achieve statement and branch coverage for the code fragment:
Test Case
Input
Output
Statement Coverage
Branch Coverage
1
x = 3
y = 9
S1, S2, S3
T1 = true
2
x = 5
y = 25
S1, S2
T1 = false
As shown in the table, test case 1 covers all three statements (S1, S2, S3) in the code fragment, achieving
100% statement coverage. Test case 2 covers only two statements (S1, S2) in the code fragment, but it exercises a different outcome of the decision point T1 (if x < 4), achieving 100% branch coverage.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following test types is a part of the V-Model?
- A. Component testing
- B. Black-box testing
- C. Experience-based testing
- D. White-box testing
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Component testing is a part of the V-Model, which is a development life cycle model that shows the relationship between each phase of development and its corresponding phase of testing. In this model, each level of testing (unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing) has a corresponding level of development (component design, component integration, system design, requirements analysis).
Component testing is the process of testing individual components or units of software in isolation from other components or systems. Component testing verifies that the components meet their functional and non-functional requirements and work as expected in their intended environment. Component testing is usually done by developers who have access to the component design and code specifications. You can find more information about component testing and the V-Model in Software Testing Foundations: A Study Guide for the Certified Tester Exam, Chapter 22.
NEW QUESTION # 22
A Software was re-deployed because the backend database was changed from one vendor to another The Test Manager decided to perform some functional tests on the redeployed system. This is an example of test of which test type?
- A. Structural tests
- B. Unit tests
- C. Regression tests
- D. Non-functional tests
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Regression testing is a type of testing that is performed after a software system has been changed or modified to verify that the changes have not introduced any new defects or adversely affected the existing functionality of the system. Regression testing can be performed when the software system undergoes different types of changes, such as:
Corrective changes: Changes that fix defects or errors in the software system Adaptive changes: Changes that adapt the software system to new platforms or environments Perfective changes: Changes that improve the performance or usability of the software system Preventive changes: Changes that avoid potential problems or issues in the software system In this case, the software system was re-deployed because the backend database was changed from one vendor to another, which is an example of an adaptive change. Therefore, the test manager decided to perform some functional tests on the re-deployed system to ensure that the change did not affect the functionality of the system. This is an example of regression testing.
The other types of testing mentioned in the question are not relevant for this scenario. For example:
Non-functional testing: This type of testing verifies the non-functional aspects of the software system, such as reliability, performance, security, usability, etc.
Structural testing: This type of testing verifies the internal structure or implementation of the software system, such as code, architecture, design, etc.
Unit testing: This type of testing verifies individual components or units of software in isolation from other components or systems.
You can find more information about regression testing in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level
2018 Syllabus], Chapter 2, Section 2.4.
NEW QUESTION # 23
The following program part is given:
IF (condition A)
then DO B
END IF
How many test cases are necessary in order to achieve 100% statement coverage?
- A. a very high number
- B. 0
- C. 2 [>
- D. 1
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 24
Why is independent testing important? [K1]
- A. Because independent testers can verify assumptions made during specification and implementation of
the system - B. Because independent testers are isolated from the development team
- C. Because independent testers have a greater sense of responsibility for quality than developers
- D. Because independent testers make fewer assumptions than developers
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 25
Debugging and Testing are key activities in the software development lifecycle.
Which of the following are 'Debugging' activities?
a) Identifying, a failure
b) Locating the cause of failure
c) Fixing the defect
d) Checking the fix has resolved the failure
- A. a & b
- B. b & c
- C. a & d
- D. c & d
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
b & c are debugging activities, because they involve locating the cause of failure and fixing the defect in the software . Debugging is the process of finding and removing the causes of software failures . The other options are not debugging activities, but rather testing activities. Option A is a testing activity, because it involves identifying a failure in the software by comparing the expected and actual results . Option D is a testing activity, because it involves checking the fix has resolved the failure by re-testing the software .
NEW QUESTION # 26
Where and by whom is Beta testing normally performed?
- A. By customers or potential customers at their own locations
- B. By an independent test team at the developing organization's location
- C. By customers or potential customers at the developing organization's site
- D. At the developing organization's site, but not by the developing team
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following are 'Exit Criteria?'
- A. Acceptance criteria, completion criteria, pass/fail criteria.
- B. The last executable statement within a component.
- C. Coverage of code, schedule, estimates of defect density.
- D. Cost overruns.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which option BEST describes how the level of risk is determined?
- A. The impact of an adverse event multiplied by the likelihood of that event occurring
- B. The consequences of a potential problem multiplied by the cost of possible legal action
- C. The likelihood and the probability of a hazard occurring
- D. The likelihood of an adverse event happening multiplied by the cost of preventing it
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The level of risk is determined by multiplying the impact of an adverse event by the likelihood of that event occurring1 . The impact of an adverse event is the degree of harm or loss that would result from the event, such as financial loss, reputation damage, legal consequences, or safety hazards1 . The likelihood of an adverse event is the probability or frequency of the event happening, based on historical data, expert judgement, or statistical analysis1 . The other options are not correct formulas for calculating risk. Option A confuses the cost of preventing an adverse event with its impact. Option B confuses the cost of possible legal action with its likelihood. Option D uses two synonyms for likelihood (probability and frequency) instead of combining it with impact.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Consider the following excerpt from a defect report:
To recreate the failure we used test file TST_01_TC_16.dat which is available in the common shared folder''.
Which incident report objective does this excerpt satisfy?
- A. Provides test leaders with information to report test progress
- B. Provides ideas for test process improvement
- C. Provides developers with information to isolate the failure
- D. Does not belong in an incident report.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following metrics is from the test design phase?
- A. Percentage of test conditions covered by test cases
- B. Number of defects found and fix
- C. Subjective confidence of testes in the system under test
- D. Number of test cases run / not run
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The percentage of test conditions covered by test cases is a metric from the test design phase, as it measures how well the test cases cover the test basis13. The other metrics are from the test execution phase or the test closure phase.
NEW QUESTION # 31
A software company decided to buy a commercial application for its accounting operations. As part of the evaluation process, the company decided to assemble a team to test a number of candidate applications.
Which team would be the most suitable for this goal?
- A. A team with a mix of software testers and experts from the accounting department
- B. A team from the company's testing team, due to their experience in testing software
- C. A team from an outsourcing company which specializes in testing accounting software
- D. A team of users from the accounting department that will need to use the application on dairy basis
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A software company decided to buy a commercial application for its accounting operations. As part of the evaluation process, the company decided to assemble a team to test a number of candidate applications. The most suitable team for this goal would be a team with a mix of software testers and experts from the accounting department. This team would have the following advantages:
Software testers have the skills and experience to design, execute, and evaluate test cases based on the requirements and criteria of the company. They can also use tools and techniques to support their testing activities and provide reliable and objective information about the quality and risk level of each candidate application.
Experts from the accounting department have the knowledge and expertise to understand and validate the functionality and usability of each candidate application. They can also provide feedback and suggestions for improvement based on their needs and expectations as end users or customers.
The other teams mentioned in the question are not as suitable for this goal as they are for other purposes or scenarios. For example:
A team from an outsourcing company which specializes in testing accounting software: This team might have the skills and experience to test accounting software, but they might not have the knowledge and expertise to understand and validate the specific requirements and criteria of the company that wants to buy the application. They might also lack the communication and collaboration with the stakeholders of the company who are involved in the evaluation process.
A team of users from the accounting department that will need to use the application on a daily basis:
This team might have the knowledge and expertise to understand and validate the functionality and usability of each candidate application, but they might not have the skills and experience to design, execute, and evaluate test cases based on the requirements and criteria of the company. They might also lack the tools and techniques to support their testing activities and provide reliable and objective information about the quality and risk level of each candidate application.
A team from the company's testing team, due to their experience in testing software: This team might have the skills and experience to design, execute, and evaluate test cases based on the requirements and criteria of the company, but they might not have the knowledge and expertise to understand and validate the functionality and usability of each candidate application. They might also lack the feedback and suggestions for improvement based on the needs and expectations of the end users or customers.
NEW QUESTION # 32
The flow graph below shows the logic of a program for which 100% statement coverage and 100% decision
coverage is required on exit from component testing. [K4]
The following test cases have been run:
Test Case 1 covering path P,Q,R,U
Test Case 2 covering path P,Q,S,V
Test Case 3 covering path P,Q,S,W,X
Test case 4 covering path P,Q,S,W,Y
Refer to the exhibit
- A. Statement coverage and decision coverage are both less than 100%
- B. Statement coverage is less than 100%; decision coverage is 100%.
- C. Statement coverage is 100%; decision coverage is less than 100%
- D. Statement coverage is 100%; decision coverage is 100%
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of the following errors CANNOT be found with structure-based testing techniques?
- A. Features are only partially implemented
- B. Memory is leaking
- C. Data structures that are used before initialization
- D. Division by zero
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 34
A company purchased a new system which deals with all financial transactions in the company Which test
types call for involvement of an expert from the financial department?
- A. System tests
- B. Acceptance tests
- C. Component testing
- D. Maintenance testing
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following tool types is the most useful one for a test manager?
- A. Static analysis tool
- B. Defect tracking tool
- C. Modeling tool
- D. Coverage measurement tool
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following test cases will ensure that the statement 'Print 'Hold'' is exercised? [K3]
Refer to the exhibit
- A. X=2, Y=3, Z=4
- B. X=2, Y=4, Z=3
- C. X=4, Y=3, Z=2
- D. X=2, Y=2, Z=2
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 37
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