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NEW QUESTION # 11
Which of the following sentences about FlexGrid is false?
- A. Channels in FlexGrid systems are allocated with a granularity of 27.5GHz.
- B. FlexGrid allows a more efficient channel spacing.
- C. FlexGrid systems use specific sets of boards. Old generation WDM systems need to be upgraded to support FlexGrid.
- D. The FlexGrid is currently standardized by ITU-T.
Answer: C
Explanation:
FlexGrid is a flexible grid technology that allows for variable channel spacing and bandwidth allocation. It uses the same sets of boards as the traditional fixed grid systems and it does not require upgrading the old generation WDM systems.
Reference:
"Flexible Grid Optical Networks: From Concepts to Realizations" by Diomidis S. Michalopoulos and George K. Karagiannidis
"Flexible Grid and Flexible Spectrum Optical Networks" by Diomidis S. Michalopoulos and George K. Karagiannidis
"Flexible Grid Optical Networks" by Diomidis S. Michalopoulos and George K. Karagiannidis
NEW QUESTION # 12
Which of the following statements is true about chromatic dispersion (CD)?
- A. Different channels have different bandwidth and this causes different CD performances.
- B. The fiber attenuation changes along the fiber, and when the light crosses these differences the CD takes place.
- C. Different wavelengths propagate at different speeds within the same media and therefore different colors travel in the fiber with different speed.
- D. The fiber attenuation introduces inter-channel interference.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Different wavelengths propagate at different speeds within the same media and therefore different colors travel in the fiber with different speed. This phenomenon is known as chromatic dispersion and causes light to spread out as it travels through the fiber over distance, leading to signal attenuation and distortion. The fiber attenuation does not introduce inter-channel interference, but it can cause attenuation of the signal. Different channels have different bandwidths, but this does not affect CD performance.
NEW QUESTION # 13
What is the OAMP LAN interface?
- A. It is an RJ-45 interface (a common Ethernet port) used to export active alarms to an external device, typically equipped with several LEDs
- B. It is an RJ-45 interface (a common Ethernet port) used for cascading 1830 PSS nodes (e.g., external shelves)
- C. It is an RJ-45 interface (a common Ethernet port) that has to be configured with an IP address for node reachability and management
- D. It is an RJ-45 interface (common Ethernet port) used to connect one or more client ports (e.g., 1Gb/s or legacy 100Mbit/s client flows)
Answer: C
Explanation:
It is an RJ-45 interface (a common Ethernet port) that has to be configured with an IP address for node reachability and management. This interface is used to connect the OAMP node to the LAN, allowing it to be managed and monitored remotely.
NEW QUESTION # 14
Is it possible to select the fiber type independently for each segment while designing a network in EPT?
- A. No, a unique type is allowed per design for all segments
- B. Yes, during the link creation through the wizard
- C. No, as the fiber type is selected for links only and it's one for whole design
- D. Yes, during the segment creation phase or editing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Yes, during the segment creation phase or editing. It is possible to select the fiber type independently for each segment while designing a network in EPT. This can be done during the segment creation phase or when editing an existing segment. This allows for more flexibility when designing the network and allows for more efficient use of resources.
NEW QUESTION # 15
Which of the following statements is true?
- A. Logs report a real time status of the node.
- B. Alarms and conditions report a real time status of the node.
- C. Alarms and conditions report only historical status of the node.
- D. Logs report both active and historical events.
Answer: D
Explanation:
A log is a record of events that have occurred within a system, such as a network device or an application. Logs can include information about system activity, configuration changes, and error messages. They can be used for troubleshooting, auditing, and compliance purposes. Logs can report both active (real-time) and historical events that have occurred within a system.
Alarms and conditions, on the other hand, are used to notify operators of real-time status of the node, such as when a threshold is breached or when a specific event occurs. Alarms and conditions are typically used to provide real-time notifications of potential problems or issues, while logs are used to provide a historical record of what has occurred.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Is it possible to mix PSS-24x and PSS-8x shelves In an SWDM configuration?
- A. No, as they are not compatible and cannot be used within the same node
- B. Yes, but the PSS-8X shelf must be configured as a master
- C. Yes, as both can be equipped within the same node
- D. Yes, but the PSS-24X shelf must be configured as a master
Answer: A
Explanation:
No, it is not possible to mix PSS-24x and PSS-8x shelves in an SWDM (Short Wavelength Division Multiplexing) configuration. The two shelves are not compatible, and cannot be used within the same node.
NEW QUESTION # 17
Is it possible to open and manage EPT designs that are created with different releases than the release installed on the local workstation?
- A. No restrictions are imposed on the software release.
- B. Only designs created with the current release can be opened and edited.
- C. Only designs created with current and older releases can be opened and edited.
- D. Designs created with an older release can be opened by a current release but cannot make changes.
Answer: C
Explanation:
It is possible to open and manage EPT designs that are created with different releases than the release installed on the local workstation, however only designs created with current and older releases can be opened and edited. Designs created with an older release can be opened by a current release but changes cannot be made.
NEW QUESTION # 18
With reference to the image, where is the OPS card placed to provide the OMSP protection?
- A. After the amplifiers
- B. Before the transponder, on the client side, towards the external device
- C. Between the mux/demux and the amplifier
- D. Between the transponders and the mux/demux
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 19
A user needs to check for interface details against the commands is the correct one?
- A. config interface detail 1/17/L1
- B. 11starla 1/17 port-detail
- C. show interface 11starla 1/17/L1 detail
- D. config card 11star1a interface 1/17 detail
Answer: C
Explanation:
show interface 11starla 1/17/L1 detail is the correct command to check for interface details. This command will display detailed information about the specified interface, including its status, configuration, and statistics.
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which statement is correct about node synchronization?
- A. Full synchronization retrieves all items from the node (NE parameters. Ports, Alarms, Internal Links, etc)
- B. Full synchronization retrieves the correlated alarms from the node
- C. Node synchronization is executed to align the time of the node to the time of the NFM-T platform
- D. Node synchronization is executed to test the reachability of a node
Answer: A
Explanation:
Node synchronization is a process of keeping the NFM-T database in sync with the nodes in the network. The synchronization process will download all the items from the node, including NE parameters, ports, alarms, internal links, etc., to the NFM-T database. This ensures that the NFM-T database is up to date and the network is running efficiently.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which macro steps can be executed via CPB?
- A. Power adjustment and generation of the system loss report
- B. Systems validation, system provisioning, power adjustment
- C. Node creation, systems validation and system provisioning
- D. Node supervision, system validation and system provision
Answer: C
Explanation:
Node creation, systems validation and system provisioning. The CPB (Commissioning Parameter Builder) application is used to generate commissioning files for a Nokia 1830 Photonic Service Switch (PSS-1) and can be used to create new nodes, validate the system configuration, and provision the system with the appropriate settings and parameters. Power adjustment and generation of system loss report are not related to CPB.
NEW QUESTION # 22
What is the meaning of first, second, and third window in the optical fiber propagation context?
- A. These windows correspond to three different minimum and maximum optical power levels used for optical transmission.
- B. Different optical transmission windows correspond to different safety requirements and rules for the related lasers operating with these windows.
- C. These windows are three different wavelength intervals where the WDM optical transmission occurs.
- D. These three windows are three different angles of incidence of the light injected by the laser into the fiber.
Answer: C
Explanation:
In optical fiber propagation context, the first, second, and third window refer to different wavelength intervals where the WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) optical transmission occurs.
The first window is the lowest loss window and is typically in the range of 1300-1324nm. This is the most commonly used window for long-haul communications.
The second window is the 1550 nm window and is the most widely used window for long-haul and ultra-long-haul communications. This window has a lower attenuation than the first window, but it also has more dispersion, which can limit the maximum transmission distance.
The third window is the range of 1625-1675 nm, it is also called the L-band window. This window has lower attenuation than the first and second window but its usage is limited due to the high cost of equipment and lack of commercial devices.
These windows are used in WDM systems to increase the capacity of the fiber by transmitting multiple channels of data at different wavelengths on the same fiber.
A,C,D are not correct as they are not related to the meaning of first, second, and third window in the optical fiber propagation context.
Reference:
Nokia Optical Networking Fundamentals, Nokia Press (ISBN:978-1-4822-8109-4)
https://www.nokia.com/networks/solutions/optical-networking/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength-division_multiplexing
NEW QUESTION # 23
What is a Shared Risk Group (SRG)?
- A. A set of network resources that share a common failure risk
- B. A set of fibers that share the same latency risk
- C. A set of nodes that share a common risk of hardware failure
- D. A set of boards that share the same failure risk
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to the Nokia Optical Networking documentation, a Shared Risk Group (SRG) is defined as "a set of network resources that share a common failure risk. When a resource in an SRG fails, the other resources in the group are also affected." This can include fibers, boards, nodes, and other network resources. The SRG concept is used in network design and protection mechanisms to ensure survivability and minimal impact on service in case of a failure.
NEW QUESTION # 24
With reference to trails and services, which of the following sentences is correct?
- A. A trail can interconnect three ports, while a service always two.
- B. Trails are transported over services; that is, trails are clients with respect to services.
- C. A service is always associated to a single wavelength, while a trail can involve multiple wavelengths.
- D. Services are transported over trails; that is, services are clients with respect to trails.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Services are transported over trails; that is, services are clients with respect to trails. A service is a logical connection that is used to transport data from one point to another. It is created over a trail, which is a physical connection that is established by using multiple wavelengths. As such, services are clients with respect to trails, as they are transported over them.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following are the main reasons for fiber attenuation?
- A. Refraction and reflection
- B. Small channel spacing
- C. Chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion
- D. Scattering and absorption
Answer: D
Explanation:
Scattering and absorption are the main reasons for fiber attenuation. Scattering occurs when light bounces off the sides of the fiber, while absorption happens when light is absorbed by the glass or other materials that make up the fiber. Chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) are also factors that can cause attenuation, but they are not the main causes. Small channel spacing can also cause attenuation, but it is a secondary factor and is only significant in certain cases.
NEW QUESTION # 26
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